Insulator



April 8, 1924.`

. 1,489,689 A. o. Aus'rlN INSULATOR Filed Aue. 2. 1919 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 April 8, 1924.` 1,489,689

A. o. AUSTIN INSULATOR Filed Auk. 2. 1919 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Apr. 8, 1924.

UNITED STATES 1,489,689 PATENT OFFICE.

ARTHUR O. AUSTIN, OF BARBERTON,

OHIO, .ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE A'SSIGNMENTS,.TO

THE OHIO BRASS COMPANY, OF-'MANSFIELI OHIO, A CORPORATION 'OF NEW JERSEY.

INSULATOR.

Application led August 2, 1919.

To all whom t may concern.

Be it known that I, ARTHUR O. AUSTIN, a citizen of the United States residing at arberton, in the county of Summit and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Insulators, of.

which the following is a specification.

This invention has for its object the provision of insulators in which the mechanical stresses shall be advantageously distributed and which shall be of improved construction and operation.

VThe invention is exemplified in the combination and arrangement of parts shown in the accompanying drawings and described in the following specification, and it is more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings- F ig. l is a sectional view of an insulator showing one embodiment of the present invention:

Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, s, 7, s, 9, 1o, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 1 7 show modified forms of an insulator pin constituting part of the invention;

Figs. 5", 6, 7a, 8, 15, 16a and 17* are plan views, respectively, of the constructions shown in Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 15, 16 and 17; and

Fig. 18 is a fragmentary section of a portion of an insulator showing a modification of the connection between the insulator and cap.

The problem of the most eiiicient insulator construction is very greatly affected by the peculiar properties of the various available dielectrics commonly used for this purpose. Porcelain and various vitreous materials are the dielectrics most frequently used and are of a fragile nature. These materials have a very high ultimate strength under compression, the strength in compression being several times the strength in shear or tension. It is therefore desirable, of course, to design the insulators so that the parts of the dielectric which take the load will support the load by compression and so that tension and shearing stresses may be avoided as much as possible. In my prior Patent No. 1,284,976 I have shown an insulator construction. designed to overcome many of the difficulties arising in the manufacture and operation of such devices, and the present invention includes a number of improvements over thc invention shown in that serial 110.314,87@

lmentpflthat part relative to rthe surroundf.

mg portions of the body. In' orderto ,avoid 65 such shearing stresses in an insulator itis importantl therefore that .thedielctrie shall not be subjected to .concentrated loads, even in compression, although the lload mayr be considerably belowtherultimate stron lil-of y the -material under compression. nder such conditions the dielectric would not fail in compression, but the 'part' subjectedl to, theforce'would be sheared from the surrounding 4portions because of, thecomplara-y tively lowustrength Vof the material under shear. In designing an'insulator it is therefore desirable that the force applied to the dielectric shall gradually4 decrease Vfrom the point at which the force 'is greatest Jtoward the portions of the dielectric not subjected to such force. This arrangement .will prevent adjacent portions ofthe dielectric from being subjected te'` great differences in the conditions of the forces applied thereto, which differences of condition, as explained above, give rise to shearing stresses, or to combined shear and tension.

In Fig. 1 is shown an insulator having a metal cap 10 and a dielectric member 11, the two bein connected by an interposed layer of suitab e holding material 12, which may be Portland cement, or may be an insulating cement, or a conducting olding material, such as lead, the nature of -the holding ma-' terial depending upon the requirements of particular cases. Thev dielectric member 11 is provided with a central in opening 13 in which a pin l14: is securedl y holdin mate# rial 15. The dielectricmember maye pro'- vided with a flange or Petticoat 16 as is common in this form ofinsulator. The cap 10 has a yoke 17 by which it may be sus ended from any suitable support, or by w ich it may be connected to a head 18 on the pin of a similar insulator so that a number of insulators may be connected in series. The pin .14 is provided Witlra lurality of circumferentlal flanges 19, an the in and the ilanges are preferably coated with a. layer of vieldng, shrinking oi' elastic material 20,

varnish, or other material of the saine genv eral nature. A yielding insert 21 may be placed between the end 'of the pin 14 and the inner end of thepinfholeto relieve stresses set up by the cement or shank of the pin 14 at this point. A

lVhen the load is suspended fr oin the lower end 18 of the pin lll'and the insulator cap 10 is supported from the yole 17, it is apparent that the cement 15 and the porcelain 11 will be subjected tocompression in the general direction of the arrows' a in ig; 1. This force will be sustafiiiedQ'bf course, by force exerted by the cap lll'' an opposite direction; 'If the force represented byl the arrows a in the figiire is concentrated at any one particiilar'poiiit along the 'pin 14:V there will be a tendency to shear .the portion of the material tg which the 'force is applied from the materialdirectly surrounding it. It is desirable therefore to distribute the load excited by the' pinljuppn theSurounding' fragile .material bhbiigheilt the' length 'of fthe' pin, end preferably' the distribiition of the load sh'ould not beuniiorm," but should be .greatest near the" central portion f'couigse, that raryn may'ieesinI Vthe stresstd which 'fthefragile material is'siibjected andso preventseacli end. rl'liis arraiig'einnt'preyents any sudden break danger of craekingvby sliear,` or. b com bined shear and tension. Siicli' i).f clistribii-V tion of the load may be'seciilied' in a variety of ways. In 1- of tlie drawings the flanges 19, are rela-tively flexible ad d ,are distribitedalfine-fthe' pin's .that they are spacedfartlier apart towar pin and moreclosely ether near'ytliecenter Aof the portion inrifbfgifV ded in tliefcement. The cement adjacent the outer end of the pin will receiveits load from the flexible flanges, and since-tliese.- flanges are`y-iel`lng,' ori"ly' a Portion 0f the 10nd' t@ which h fain. 'is' Subn-:msmitmd to the' nement and jectedA will be surrounding porcelain.' Since theflanges are spacedV comparatively widely apart :it

this point the ainountof force `transmitted to the fragile material \ill- `be V relatively small. 'Toward the-center 'of the piiighowever, the flanges are closei together" adonsequently forni a. stilefconnegtiori between the pin' .Mid @einem siltjgait' ilrgfnisnt f at this poilit 'Millie 'inverted of thpiii the 'flanges are more' "Widljf SIJfPlV .a'gflsO that weer@transmitted@th-frase ma this case are slit radially, and the alternate the pinV isreached.' clistribil#v non 'of frime greatest ngarfthe @migerterial is again derfil 'asfth inner 'end 0,f

arrangement u Prevents elif-"eis ily.' apparent that'a flange substantially nm'- U V stresses betweeinadjacent portions of the such as rubber, pai-affine, asplialtuni, ,pa1nt,

fragile niatcrial, and hence avoids dangerous stress which may crack the dielectric and destroy the insulator.

It is readily apparent, of course, that the same principles which apply to the connection between the pin and the fragile material ar'eeriually applic-able to the connection between the cap and thefiagile material. The cap therefore may'likewise be provided with a series of flexible projecting flanges shown at 22 in the d raviringsandV arranged in a manner similar to the flanges on the pin 14 for accomplishing a. like result.

In Fig. 2 is sligwn a pin in which the distribi'itio'nof the stresses is accomplished by rariationsfin .the an ularity of tlie llanges 19 upontlie' pin 14 instead of variation in tliefspacing of tlie flanges. It will be read- S5 iiial tp the surface o f the pin ywill 'be more `ri'elding than a Hangs arranged at an angle so that itforins a conical-shaped projection flange and .resists Atl i 'e V'yieldingV tendency.4

Vif

ity of the anges. It will e undersfood,' o f liicli4 the sitatefvariationin 't nannerin: 5y

Fig. 1 it was explained that it may 'desirable have tlieffgfrces gradually decrease from the central" 'ortioii of the' pintoward .100

In Fig. 3' the 'distrbu'toiiof the :forces imparted to the 'fragile material' is secured byvarationn'thetliiclmess of the flanges which, of.coiirse, results in a corresponding vzi'iatinlin their-'flexibility In Fini;` 4 a pn's-'shoi'ri in 'which the flanges' instead "off'bcing formed integral withtli'e body of tlief'iii are's'tam ed froniA sheet fietaland'fasseni led along 1t epi'n'iii the manrie'sliown'. 'The endof the' pin' may 115 be 'ri'ireted'fto 'preiient 'the flanges 4froiiisliding off the pin, and 'llieanges' may be furtlierlield in place, if desirable, b v spot weldin'fi,'fsl`irinkingl, galaniiin'orby any other suitable means of "securing'sucli parts to`- 120 getlieizw Fig, 5 a: series ofllanges similar to those in 4 is "shown, vbut the flanges in of flanges are shown which 'are sgrwgefed radiallyto impart re- 90 Thedistribiitiin 'ofthe .stress tblpvliicli the 1 ,489,ese

rounding dielectric or cement.

InFig. 7 a. series of flanges, corrugated both radiall and 1aterally,'are shown, and in Fig. 8 an es having only lateral coriugations are i lustrated.

In Fig. 9 the flan es are lshown in the form of a widethin t read.

Figs. 10, 11 and 12 show various forms of fian es stam ed from sheetmetal and held in p ace ont e'pin'by any of the: means reerred to inconnection wlth Fig. 14.

Fig. 13 illustrates a pin. in which 'the fianges are varied in a plurality of ways for securing the desired distribution o forces in the' material surrounding :the pin. In this figure the'lan'ges are jspaced incre closely to:4 get .her near "the central portion'o'f the pin in a mann'erhsimilar` toftlierfaiirangiement shown 'in Fig.f1, andlatitliesamefztime the central flanges-are also'placedn ettari 'angle tothe Vpiir adjacent "the innerl end` alsoy .dei f creased'sothat the pin"will`yie`ld fat this point to .the force .to which it is sube`cted',*`

alidtlius relieve'. 'adjacent t V'e' end of'the pin. Itfis, ofcourse', apparentthat various colnbinatio'i'is( f the flange arrangetric.

the body' member 2a isriimed,as-sii6wn nf 24, so that the pin elongation undergthefloadf will relieve the'flangeat the" iendithe pine. At its'outer 'end ',tliebdy m'e'mbeif --i131" resed` 3S SIOWII` R'O :OI'IQ Vfslillf 2" combination with a coatingof yielding ina-rhaving a seriesof flanges'f27 ii'ibeddedintli'e cement or holding materialfllt willbeap'` parent that'the shell 26 willbeunder 'com-v pression, since theA load is-a plied-at the top' `of this. oiftoi'iby the' threat ed-"r'oll as shown in the; giirej-and the shell is 'sup' rted by the'iangesfsecured to'theV 'shell' 'elw'fthe' the force to"which it is" subjected', this yields' ing' Will'relieve 'the flanges at theI outer endv of the pin in the samew'ay that -thefflfanges at the inner end of the p1n"aie' 'relieved y the pirielongatifm.l 'f1 In Fig. 15 a cross-sectional ivi'eyvof a pin ing of a series of sets of radially extending manner. This arrangement produces n high degree of iexibility in the projecting inembers.

Fi s. 16 and 17 illustrate flanges corrii gate in a manner similar to Figs. 6 and 8,

respectively but the flanges are normal to to the dielectric it is desirable to provide for"V a cushioning action between the metalv andi. u the cement. As illustrated in Fig. 1, Vthis may be'done by coating or dipping the metalv parts Vin a tic material, suc

gielding, shrinking' or elas-` as rubber, paralilleg asfthe projections are formed in a 75 haltum. aint varnish or similar sub-fj p 5 3 I terial is illustrated at 2() ingFigLfl'nof the drawings. The coatingmay be appliedtovl the pin and cap alike, and it isfusually dei" .sirablev to coat the shank ofjthejf'pin,

befgiven to the metal 4partis,r or insomecases.

4uit 'maybe desirable to vary tll n y 1 y Ycordin ",torequirements.` Forinstanjce,' it') ments mayJ be 4vemployed for securingdesired 1' well as the flanges. A uniform coatingrnay stances, and such a coating of yielding ma. 190

might desirable to coatltliebase's ofthe' flanges' 19 more heavily than the'portioiisiuloo outer-edge 1t may be advantageoiisin some casesto relieve certain 'byayrappinguwith yielding tape orstring'f;

or by coveringA with paper or other yieldingfl; material. vThe use of ielcling flanges 'inf teiial vproduces an arrangement much' lessv` 11'0" at's of the'metal legi yieldinginaterialis used, 'if ltlie coating is not ills uniform, it is apparent' thattlie :load ,ivill' be 4concentrated atany point' Where` the coating is thin andthe metal is vclosely, acl-"f4 jacentthe fragile material or holding medium, for the reason that the load'is not "12% relievedmat 4such a4 oint While lit is over other portions of t e connected' surfaces., This concentration of the loadf'produces'A l shearing. or other dangerous stresses in the is shown having resilient members consist-4 manner previously. explained. and tendsY to Wil-5.

to carry the stress. Where the metal part is provided with yielding members like the flanges described in connection with the various figures, a thin place on the coating is not so material. The resiliency of the flange itself will overcome the tendency to concentrate the load at a point where the coating on the flange is thin and thus prevent the shearing action or dangerous stress which would result if the metal part were rigid. It is thus seen that the yielding contact members make it possible to use a coating of yielding material between the metal and fragile parts Without the danger of cracking, due to concentration of the load where the coating happens tov be thin.

Itwill be a parent that the coating 20 is of great a vantage in overc'oming the effects of unequal expansion of the insulator parts due to temperature changesjvI a .,metallic part wererigidly imbedded in cement anyunequal expansion would tend to crack andbreak the cement or insulating member', but where clearance is provided by the use of a yielding coatin between the tivo members,for by a coatingw ich shrinks after it is inplace, the danger of` siichbreakage, due to unequal expansion, very: materially reduced. Y

In cases iwhere it is desirablemto use a `-connecting material V which 'ivill How under pressure, such as lead, the resilient projections'on the 'cap and pin for e agingthe connecting material are especia ly,A advantageous for the reason that any necessary vyielding action .is accommodated by the yielding projections,'and hence permanent deformation of the connecting material is prevented. p

The benefits secured by. thisinvention are .emphasized in insulators thatmust carry `very heavy loadsforthe reason that it is possible to workthe fragile material of the insulator at higher stresses per unit area. This results in higher possible loads With- Lout making the insulator excessively large With accompanying increased Weight and hazard of breakage.

I claim:

l. An insulator comprising a dielectric Emember and a connecting member secured together, and means for producing a raded distribution of the stresses transmitte from one of said members to the other to prevent excessive shearing action in said dielectric 1- member.

2. An insulator comprising a dielectric member and a connecting member, said connecting member having resilient means thereon for transmitting force between said members, said resilient means being arranged to produce a'graded distribution in said Vdielectric member of the Aforce transmitted.

3. An insulator comprising a dielectric web# @ad i @mams member was together, said connecting member having a plurality of resilient projections thereon for transmitting force from said connecting member to said dielectric member, said resilient projections being arranged to transmit varying amounts of said force at different positions on said connecting member to effect a graded distribution of the stresses transmitted to said dielectric member from said connecting member.

4. An insulator comprising a dielectric member and a connecting member secured thereto, said connecting member having a plurality of resilientprojections thereon for transmitting force from one of ,said memberszto theother, said ,projections being unevenly'ariangednpoii said ,comiecting member to efect a graded distribution of the stresses impartedgto said dielectric member 'by saidconnecting member.

5.In combination, ametallic fitting for an insulator `comprising apinhaving a plurality of .resilient i.projections unequally .distributed `thereon :inf theI direction of the length thereof, aidielectric' member having an opening therein fovr'receiving'saidpin, and cement gior securingfsaid :pin to said dielectric 'membeig said :cement substantially vfillingr'the space sibetvveen said proje'ction's.V v, Agi 1! f y v6. insulator; comprisingA a dielectric membenandl-a metallic connector Secured thereto, and' resilient means on said connector for transmitting lforce from said connector. to said dielectric member at various points along said connector,said resilient means beingarranged to produce different degrees of resiliency in the connection:between said dielectric member and said connector at different points along said connector.

7. An insulator comprising a dielectric member and a connector, and means for resiliently securing said connector to said dielectric member, said resilient securing means being arranged to produce different degrees of resiliency between said connector and said dielectric member at dilierent points along said connector to effect a gradually varying predetermined distribution of the stresses imparted to said dielectric member by said connector.

8. A metallic connecting member for an insulator having resilient means thereon for securing said 'connecting member to said insulator, said resilient means being arran ed on said connecting member to produce ifferent amounts of resiliency at various positions along said connecting member so that force ea'ertedby said connecting member upon .said insulator will be unevenly transmitted to said insulator by said resilient means.

9. A metallic fitting for an insulator comprim'g4 Pia' haring@ plurality of resilient flan es thereon for securingsaid pin to an insu ator, saidv flanges' being arranged with varying amounts of resilienc points along the length of said pin.

10. An insulator comprising a in having a plurality of resilient flanges istributed longitudinally thereof for securing said pin to an insulator, said flanges bein arranged to permit greater resiliency in tie connection between said pin and said insulator adjacent the end of said pin than at other points along the length thereof.

11. An insulator comprising a metallic member and a dielectric member, means for securing said members to ether, and resilient means on said meta ic member for transmitting force to said dielectric member, said resilient means being arranged-to produce a graded distribution of the force transmitted from said metallic member to said dielectric member.

12. An insulator comprisin a dielectric member having an opening t erein, a metallic pin cemented in said opening, and a plurality of resilient flanges spaced along said pin and arranged to produce varying degrees of resiliency in the connection between said pin and said dielectric member at different points along the length of said pin.

13. A n insulator comprising a connector having resilient flanges thereon for securing said connector to a dielectric member, said flanges being unequally spaced along the length of said connector to effect graded distribution of the force transmitted :from said connector to said dielectric member.

14. An insulator comprising a dielectric member anda. metallic member, said metallic member having resilient projections thereon for securing said metallic member to said dielectric member, said resilient projections being arranged to afford varying amounts of resiliency at different points alo said metallic member, and a coatin of yielding material interposed between sai metallic member and said dielectric member.

15. A metallic fitting for an insulator comprising a pin having a plurality of circumerential flanges spaced along the length thereof, said flanges differing in resiliency from one another.

16. An insulator pin having a plurality of resilient flanges distributed along the length thereof, the central ones of said flanges being arranged to afford greater resistance to resilient movement than the flanges at the ends of the series.

17. Ametallic fitting for an insulator comprising a pin having a series of circumferential resilient flanges unequally spaced from one another along the length thereof.

18. A metallic fitting for an insulator comprising a pin having a series of resilient circumferential flanges thereon, said flanges 'differing in thickness from one another. at different 19. A metallic fitting for an insulator comprising apin having a lurality of resilient flanges thereon, said anges being arranged at different angles relative to the axis of said pin.

20. A metallic fitting for an insulator comprising a pin comprising a. plurality ci circumferential resilient flan es arranged thereon, said flanges being of different thickness and being unequally spaced along said pin and being arranged at different angles relative to said pin.

21. A metallic fitting for an insulator comprising a pin having a plurality of re silient projections thereon, said projections being in the form of flanges each of which surrounds said pin as a separate rin from the flange adjacent thereto, said pin iaving different diameters at different positions along the length thereof.

22. A metallic fitting for an insulator comprisin a pin having different diameters at di erent positions along the length thereof, and a plurality 'of yielding flanges unequally spaced along said pin.

23. An insulator comprising a dielectric member and a connecting member secured thereto so that force may be transmitted from one member to the other, and means for producin a gradually varying distribution of the orce transmitted from one of said members to the other to prevent excessive dangerous stresses in said dielectric member.

2A. An insulator comprisin a supporting member and a dielectric mem er secured together by holding material, and resilient anges on said supporting member unegually spaced along the length thereof to e ect graded distribution of the force transmitted from said supporting member to said holdin material.

25. n insulator comprising a dielectric member and a metallic member secured tcgether b holding material, said metallic member aving resilient projections thereon for engaging said holding material, said resilient projections being arranged to afford varying amounts of resiliency at different points along said metallic member, and a coating of yielding material interposed between said metallic member and said holding material.

26. A metallic fitting for an insulator comprising a pin having a plurality of resilient projections spaced along the length thereof, said projections differing in resiliency from one another according to their distribution along the length of the pin.

27. An insulator pin having a plurality of resilient projections distributed along the length thereof, the projections centrally positioned relatively tothe length of said pin being arranged to afford greater 'resistance to resilient movement than the projections adjacent the ends of the series.`

28. A metallic fitting for an insulator comprising a, pin having a series of resilient projections thereon, said projections differd ing from one another in thickness according to their longitudinal position on said pin.

29. A metallic 'fitting for an insulator comprising a. pin having plurality of resilient projections thereon, solid projections differing from one another in resiliency and r being unequally spaced along said pin. 154

30. A metallic fitting for an insulator ,comprising a pin having a. longitdina'lly arraned l thereon, seid projectionsbeing' A 'spaced serres o'f circumferential projections grade in resiliency at different positions along lie length of said pin.

insulator comprising e; dielectric member and an attaching member, and means *for producing e gradually varied distribution of the force transmitted Afrom one ofsaid members to the other.

32. An insulator' comprising a dielectric xneni'belg an attaching member, and resilient projections 011 one of said members for transmitting force from one of said mem bers to the other nnd for producing egrnrled distribtion ofthe force transmitted. i

-In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this'f's'pecification on this fifteenth day of July, D. 1919. k u

, ARTHUR O. AUSTIN. 

